最新高考阅读技巧训练[一]

学生在阅读中最困惑的问题：
遇见生词怎么办？
在阅读中经常会遇到一些不认识的词。一般来说，一部分生词不影响对全文的理解，但如果是影响理解的词，就需要弄明白。我们可以采取以下办法：
1. 根据解释
This includes poultry for main course（e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose）salad, bread and vegetables, and features of variety of desserts, for example, pie, puddings and ice cream.
生词可以根据文中的解释判断出它的含义。chicken, turkey, duck, goose都是禽类，因此“poultry”的意思是：家禽。pie, puddings and ice cream都是甜点一类的食品，我们就不难猜出desserts意为：甜点。
练习：
（1）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.
（2）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.
（3）“The bottom part of my face is numb.”He says evenly. “It’s got no feeling in it at all. ”
（4）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.
（5）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature.
答案：（1）职业的（2）盗窃癖（3）麻木的（4）久坐的（5）症状

2. 根据上下文语境
If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.
A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken
根据I don’t like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的,他就大错特错了。因此答案D。
练习：
（1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
（2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.
（3）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.
（4）For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.
（5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.
答案：（1）五金店（2）温和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遥（5）大火灾

3. 根据反义词或反义关系
The doctor tried to save the patient but in vain.
根据转折词but, 我们可以推断出病人没有救活，失败了。in vain意思是：徒劳。
练习：
（1）Jane was talking to others while Elizabeth remained reticent.
（2）Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.
（3）He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.
（4）I made numerous mistakes in my homework, but Bill made only a few.
（5）Peter is childish and trusting, quite unlike his brother Tom, who is quite sophisticated.
答案：（1）沉默（2）不同意（3）不英俊（4）很多（5）老于世故

4. 根据同义词或近义词关系
Mike thinks we are being watched, “Really? ”I asked “What makes you think we are under surveillance
通过上下文，我们可以看出watch和surveillance是同义词。意为：监视。
练习：
（1）The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.
（2）He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.
（3）The old lady had a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady.
（4）A bright sky in the morning is not a guarantee of fine weather during the rest of the day. Don’t promise anything too soon.
（5）Sabotage is also an increasing common type of computer crime. This can involve disabling the hard ware, but is more likely to affect the software. Typical, the programmer inserts an instruction that cause the computer to destroy an entire personal data bank.
答案：（1）惩罚（2）仓促（3）古怪的（4）保证（5）破坏

5. 根据构词法知识
前缀：
in, im, ir, il, un, dis不
dependent（依赖的，从属）－－independent?（独立的）
direct（直接的－－indirect?（间接的）
expensive（昂贵的－－inexpensive?（不贵的）
possible（可能的－－impossible?（不可能的）
patient（耐心的－－impatient?（不耐心的）
proper（合适的－－improper?（不合适的）
regular（规则的－－irregular（不规则的）
legal（合法的－－illegal（不合法的）
literate（识字的－－illiterate（文盲的）
fair（公平的－－unfair（不公平的）
common（普通的－－uncommon（非凡的）
ability（有能力－－disability（无能）
courage（鼓励－－discourage（使气馁）
mis误、错
understand（理解misunderstand（误解）
lead（引导mislead（误导）
fortune（幸运misfortune（恶运）
re再，重新，返回
marry（结婚remarry（再婚）
use（使用reuse（再利用）
sale（出售resale（转售）
over-超过、过量
overweight过重，过胖
overtake超过，赶过
overwork过度工作
overeat吃太多
overanxious过于担心
overflow泛滥
non-不，非，否
nonage未成年
nonalcoholic不含酒精
nonconductor绝缘体
non-cooperation不合作
non-smoker不吸烟者
non-stop直达的
sub-在……下面，低位，副的
subway地铁
submarine潜艇
subcontinent次大陆
subcommittee附属委员会
pre-在……前，预告
preschool学龄前的
prewar战前的
prehistory史前
preventive medicine预防医学
predict预言，预报
co-共同，一起
coeducation男女同校
cooperate合作
co-owner共有人
bi-两，双
biennial每两年的
bilingual会说两语言的
biweekly隔周的
后缀
动词＋er / or构成名词。表示人
visitor参观者
educator教育者
actor演员
editor编辑
organizer组织者
interviewer访问者
+ ment / tion /sion / hood / ness / ship构成名词：
arrangement安排
equipment设备
liberation解放
preparation准备
conclusion结论
discussion讨论
childhood童年
neighborhood近邻，邻近
carelessness粗心
kindness好心
relationship关系
scholarship奖学金
ownership所有权
＋able / ful / al / less构成形容词
value-valuable有价值的
comfort-comfortable舒适的
success－successful成功的
help－helpful有帮助的
nature－natural自然的
person－personal个人的
end－endless没结束的
price－priceless无价的
harm－harmless无害的
+ly构成副词
separate－separately隔离开地
steady－steadily坚定地，坚固地
perfect－perfectly完美地，完全地
hurried－hurriedly匆忙地
合成词
bathroom洗澡间newspaper报纸
motorcar汽车loudspeaker喇叭
two－storeyed两层的