高一英语必修1：Earthquakes

课程信息：

知识精讲：

（一）重点单词：

1. burst

(1) vi.破裂,爆炸

例：

Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.

水管在寒冷的天气里经常爆裂。

（2）vt.突破，冲撞 

例：

They burst the door open.

他们把门撞开了。

（3）n.某事的突然爆发

a burst of ... 一阵…… 

例：

a burst of laughter /anger /applause

一阵笑声/怒火 /掌声

知识拓展：

burst into + n. = burst out + v.-ing 突然做某事

例：

burst into laughter/tears =burst out laughing/ crying

突然大笑/大哭

典型例题：

One minute she burst into _____ and the next burst out _____- We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.

A. crying, laughter                         B. tears, laughing 

C. tears, laughter                           D. crying, laughing

答案：B

2. ruin

(1) n. 毁灭，崩溃，废墟，遗迹

例：

The war brought ruin to the country.

战争给国家带来了毁灭。

常构成短语：

in ruins 破败不堪；成为废墟

例：

The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.

那次地震过后，全城到处是一片废墟。

（2）v. 毁坏，使破产

例：

I was ruined by that law case.

我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。

It poured with rain and my dress was ruined.

大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已被淋得不成样子了。

典型例题：

“After World War II, many of the cities across western European countries ________,” our guide said.

A. lied in ruin      B. lied in ruins      C. lay in ruins       D. lying in ruins

答案：C

3. injure v. 损害，伤害

例：

Smoking will injure your health

吸烟会损害你的健康。

知识拓展：

injury  n.

injured adj. 受伤的；受损坏的

the injured 受伤的人；伤员

辨析：injure; hurt; wound

※hurt使受伤；使疼痛；伤害；使伤心。一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作vi.动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”。

例：

What he said hurt me deeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。

It hurts when I move my leg.我的腿一动就疼。

※wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤。

例：

He got wounded in the fighting.他在战斗中受了伤。

※injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。

例：

He was badly injured in the accident.他在这次事故中受了重伤.

典型例题：

They tried to prevent their cows from ____.

A. injury              B. injuring           C. being injured     D. hurting

答案：C

4. shock

(1) n. 震惊，打击，休克

例：

They will get a shock when they get this bill.

他们收到这份账单时一定会大吃一惊。

The news of his mother’s death was a terrible shock to him.

他母亲去世的消息使他非常震惊。

知识拓展：

in shock处于休克状态

(2) v. (使）震惊，震动

常构成短语：

be shocked at sth.             因……而感到震惊

be shocked to do sth            对做某事感到震惊

It shocks sb. to do sth.          ……使某人震惊

例：

He was shocked by what you said.他对你说的话感到震惊。

He was shocked to know his son playing all day. 知道他的儿子整天玩耍他大为震惊。

It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.

看到邻居们如此对待他们的孩子，使我十分震惊。

典型例题：

All of the people present felt ____ at the ____ news.

A. shocked; shocking                  B. shocking; shocked   

C. shocking; shocking                 D. shocked; shocked

答案：A

5. rescue vt.＆n. 营救,援救

常构成短语：

come to one’s rescue前来营救某人

rescue …from 把……从……营救/解救出来

例：

They rescued him from danger

他们把他从危险中解救出来。

The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.

救援队一个星期之内进行了10次救援。

6.bury v. 埋葬;隐藏；使沉浸（或专心于）

例：

She buried her face in her hands and wept.

她双手掩面哭了起来。

知识拓展：

be buried in sth. / bury oneself in sth. 埋头于或专心致志于某事

例：

In the evenings he buries himself in his books.

每天晚上他都埋头读书。