介词在英语里出现非常频繁,它的搭配众多且意义丰富。在整个中学阶段,介词的搭配是同学们感到较为棘手的问题之一。在多年高中英语教学中,笔者总结了常用介词的各种搭配,这里把它们归纳起来,供同学们复习备考参阅。
一、ABOUT
1.动词+about+sth.。about在此表示;论及,谈起,涉及,着手;等意思:arrange about安排,argue about辩论, ask about询问,bring about带来,chat about闲聊,care about在意,complain about报怨,go about着手,hear about听说, inquire about打听,know about了解, quarrel about争论,read about读到, see about负责处理,set about开始, speak about谈起, talk about谈论, think about考虑, trouble about担心,tell about讲述,worry about着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法:
She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。
I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。
What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢?
2. be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是;为;,对;;,接表原因的词:be anxious about为;着急, be bad about对;感到不舒服,be busy about忙于;, be careful about小心;, be certain about对;有把握, be concerned about关心;, be crazy about为;发狂,be excited about为;感到激动, be happy about为;而高兴, be mad about为;发疯,be nervous about对;感到紧张, be particular about挑剔;, be pleased about为;兴奋,be strict about对;严格,be thoughtful about对;考虑周到的,be uneasy about为;感受到不安。请看例句:
What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么?
You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。
I’m strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。
注:come about发生,get about疾病、谣言)流行,turn about转身,leave about到处乱放,lie about随便堆放,put about打扰;传播,put oneself about使;发愁。这些词组中about作副词,此时about不能接宾语。
二、AFTER
1.动词+ after。介词after有;追赶,问候,效仿;之意:ask after问候, be after寻求, dosth.)after学着做,go after设法得到, inquire after问候, look after寻找, run after追求, seek after追逐, take after长得像。例如:
Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend. 他每天下午都打电话问候他的女朋友。
The boy takes after his father. 这男孩长得像他父亲。
The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。
2.after构成的其它短语。after在不同的短语中意思各异: after a little/moment/while过了一会,after all毕竟,after dark天黑以后,after one’s heart合;的心, after school放学后, after service售后服务,after the fashion勉强, day after day日复一日,one after another一个接一个,year after year年复一年。例如:#p#分页标题#e#
Don’t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child. 不要太苛刻了,毕竟他还是个孩子。
He can speak and write English after a fashion. 他多少会说和写一点英语,但不太好。
三、AT
1.动词+ at。at表示;指向某一目标,到达某地;:arrive at抵达, call at访问某地, catch atit)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向;开火, glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤,knock at敲, laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对;高兴,smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝;射击, stare at怒目而视, thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖,wonder at吃惊,work at工作.例如:
Don’t let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。
We must ;shoot the arrow at the target;. 我们必须有的放矢。
They trembled at the sight of the peasant’s spears. 看到农民的梭标,他们阵阵发抖。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中at表示;情绪、情感的原因,或对某物具有某种感情;:be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对;保持警觉, be astonished at对;吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧, be delighted at高兴,be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对;失望,be good at擅长, be impatient at对;不够耐心, be mad at狂热于, be pleased at对;感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意, be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对;非常震惊,be terrified at受到;的恐吓, be quick at对;很机敏。例如:
They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。
They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。
3.at+名词构成的词组:at a distance在一定距离,at a loss不知所措,at a time一次,at all一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best最好也只是,at first起初,at hand手头,at heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last最后,at least至少,at most最多,at once马上,at present目前,at sea不知所措,at times有时,at will任意地,at work起作用,at worst最坏。
4.其它含有at的短语:work hard at勤奋工作,drop in at顺路拜访。
四、FOR
1.动词+for
a)动词+for。for表原因、目的:account for解释;说明, answer for对;负责, apply for申请;请求, apologize for为;而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求, care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为;而战, hope for希望, inquire for查询;求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望, mistake for误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为;作准备, provide for为;提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征, search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如:#p#分页标题#e#
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。
The baby reached for the apple but couldn’t reach it. 那婴儿伸手去苹果,但够不着。
He who would search for pearls must dive below. 要想找到珍珠,必须潜到海底。
b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的:ask for要求得到, blame for因;责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for谅解, pardon for原谅, pay for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对;进行惩罚, push for催逼,reward for酬谢, thank for对;表示谢意。例如:
Please excuse me for my being late. 请原谅我的迟到。
Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅,让你久等了。
2. be +形容词+for。for表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等:be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于, be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以;出名, be fit for适合于, be grateful for对;心存感激, be impatient for对;不耐烦, be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备, be sorry for为;而后悔, be responsible for对;负责, be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be useful for对;有作用。例如:
He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。
The government is responsible for the nation’s welfare. 政府负责民众的福利。
3.for+名词构成的词组:for all尽管,for a song非常便宜地,for certain确切地,for company陪着,for ever永远,for example例如,for fear以免,for fair肯定地,for free免费,for fun为了好玩,for good永远,for instance比方,for luck祝福,for life终身,for long长久,for nothing白白地,for once有生第一次,for oneself替自己,for pleasure为了消遣,for reason因为;理由,for sale供出售,for shame真不害臊,for short简称,for sport好玩,for sure确切地。
4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语:be in for将遇到,make up for弥补,go in for从事,l o ok out for提防,take sth. for granted把;当作理所当然, have an ear for音感好, have a gift for有某方面的天赋。