高一英语状语从句知识点总结
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before,after,when,while,as,since,till,until,as soon as等。
2.表示“当…时候”的while,when,as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B而不能是A:
“I’m going to the post office.”“_____ you’re there,can you get me some stamps?”
A.As B.While C.Because D.If
3.until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:
He waited until she was about to leave.他等着一直到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone.他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一…就”除用as soon as外,还可用the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,no sooner…than,hardly…when等。如:
I came immediately you called.你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.她刚到就下起雪来了。
The moment I have finished I'll give you a call.我一干完就给你打电话。
5.every time,each time,(the)next time,(the)last time,by the time,the first time,any time等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
Next time you come in,please close the door.下次你进来,请关门。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
By the time I got home,she had already gone to bed.我到家时她已睡觉了。
三、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless,as[so]long as等。如:
Don’t come unless I telephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。
If you watch carefully you will see how to do it.如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
As long as you do your best,we’ll be happy.只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
2.in case也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:
In case I forget,please remind me about it.如果我忘了,请提醒我。
四、让步状语从句
1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,however(=no matter how),even if(即使),whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:
The speech is good,though it could be better.这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining.尽管下雨,他还是出去了。
2.as也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a/an。如:
Teacher as he is,he can’t know everything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。
3.连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends.尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。
4.whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等引导让步状语从句。如:
Don’t lose heart whatever you do.不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoever you are,you can’t pass this way.不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
注:表示“虽然”的though,although不可与but连用,但可与yet,still连用。
五、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)等:
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Since you are going,I will go.既然你去,我也去。
Now that we are alone,we can speak freely.现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。
2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:
I can’t tell you when you won't listen.既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。
3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:
(1)as与since,now that一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
(2)当表示直接的因果关系,回答why时,或有only,just,all,partly,not,but等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
(3)for有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。
(4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
六、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where(在…的地方),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(每个…地方),anywhere(任何…地方)。如:
I’m not living where I was.我不在原处住了。
You can’t camp where[wherever,anywhere]you like these days.如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
Everywhere I go,I find the same thing.不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。
2.有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:
(1)When you read the book,you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A.at which B.at where C.the place where D.where
(2)After the war,a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
(3)You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.
A.when B.where C.then D.there
(4)She found her calculator ______ she lost it.
A.where B.when C.in which D.that
以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。
七、目的状语从句
1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that,so that,in case,for fear等。如:
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.我租了一条船去钓鱼。
Take your coat in case it rains(should rain).带着雨衣以防下雨。
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。
2.引导目的状语从句的so that有时可省so或that,即单独用so或that来引导目的状语从句。如:
Check carefully,so any mistake will be caught.仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。
Bring it closer that I might see it better.拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
八、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that,so…that,such…that等。如:
He was so angry that he couldn't speak.他气得话都说不出来。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。