【现在分词知识点总结】
现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。
一、现在分词的形式
1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如：The students standing there are from Class Three.站在那里的学生来自三班。
The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October.那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。
2.现在分词的完成式由“having+动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having+been+动词过去分词”。
例如：Having finished all the work,they had a good rest.结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。
Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood,the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far.由于童年时相貌被嘲笑，男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。
3.现在分词的否定式为“not+动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not+having+动词过去分词”。
例如：Not reading carefully,he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before.不认真读书，他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。
Not being noticed by the public,the young writer felt a little pity.没被公众所关注，年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。
Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。
二、现在分词的用法
1.作定语
现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。
例如：Keep quiet.Don't wake up the sleeping children.请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。We live in a room facing the south.我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
2.作表语
现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。
例如：The story sounds interesting.这故事听起来很有趣。
The promising future is more encouraging than ever before.有希望的未来比以前更鼓舞人心。
It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.会议要推迟，真是恼人。
3.作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。
例如：Some people leave the water running after washing hands.有些人洗完手后就让水依然哗哗地流着。
When I found him cheating me,I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more.当我发现他欺骗我时，我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。
4.作状语
现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1)表示时间，相当于状语从句when,while。
例如：He went through the papers while listening to music.他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。
Studying at the hometown,I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.在家乡学习的时候，我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。
2)表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
例如：Preparing fully,we are sure to pass the test.如果准备充分，我们肯定能通过考试。
对比：Given once more time,I will finish the task!假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！
3)表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because,since,for,as,etc.
例如：Not understanding the relationship between the two cases,I asked the lawyer about it.由于不明白两个案子之间的关系，我咨询了律师。
Being ill,she can't go to work today.因为生病，今天她不能上班了。
4)表示让步，相当于though,although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
例如：Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管了解了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
Although working hard every day,we still have endless work to deal with.我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。
5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。
例如：His parents'letter has just come,relieving him from anxiety.他父母的来信刚刚到，可解了他的焦躁了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam,causing the delay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。
6)表示方式或伴随状语。
例如：They lay on the grass,looking at the sky.他们躺在草地上，仰望着填空。
The children ran out of the room,laughing and jumping.孩子们从房间里跑出来，欢笑着，蹦跳着。
【现在分词考点分析】
1.现在分词做定语；
2.现在分词作表语；
3.现在分词做宾补；
4.现在分词作状语。
【现在分词知识点误区】
1.现在分词的语法功能；2.现在分词的翻译方法；3.现在分词作表语一般翻译为：令人……的；4.常见的没有被动结构的单词或者词组，如：happen,occur,take place.,belong to,break out等；5.现在分词作状语的时候，它的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。
【典型例题】
1．Getting out of the car,________.
A.A policeman caught him B.he was caught by a policeman
C.Some people saw him D.a policeman ran to him
答案：B
解析：错选ACD。
因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语getting out of the car的逻辑主语应是“he”，而不是a policeman,some people等。
2．The secretary worked late into the night,________ a long speech for the president.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
答案：B
解析：错选D。
根据这一空之前的逗号可知此处是非谓语动词，所以不选D，非谓语动词作状语要分析主句的主语和作状语的动词之间的关系，此处主句的主语是the secretary和作状语的动作prepare之间构成主动，所以要用ing形式作主语，表示伴随的动作。
