高一英语《非谓语动词动词不定式及动名词》

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年级	高一	学科	英语	版本	通用版
内容标题	非谓语动词��动词不定式及动名词
编稿老师	霍艺红

【本讲主要内容】

非谓语动词��动词不定式及动名词

【知识总结归纳】

非谓语动词包括动词不定式

,动名词和分词.

（

1）非谓语动词不可以单独作谓语,在形式上不受人称和数的限制.

（

2）非谓语动词如果是及物动词, 应该带宾语.

（

3）非谓语动词可以有状语来修饰.

（

4）非谓语动词仍有时态和语态的变化.

动词不定式: to + 动词原形

动词不定式具有名词

,形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。

作主语:

To talk with him is a great pleasure.

动词不定式作主语时

, 往往放在谓语动词的后面,用作形式主语.

It is a great pleasure to talk with him.

有很多形容词都可以放在这个句型中

difficult, easy, hard, impossible, dangerous, safe, expensive, cheap

impossible

Do you think it is safe to drink this water?

Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it.

I like being with Jill. It”s very interesting to talk to her.

It is not difficult to learn a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it.

在形容词

kind, clever, silly, stupid, careless, unfair , considerate 等前应该用介词 of.

It”s silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money.

I think it was very helpful of them to tell me the truth.

作表语:

Her wish is to become a teacher when she grows up.

Our plan is to finish the plan in two weeks.

作宾语:

Do you like to watch football matches?

We decided to make changes in our plan.

常见的后面跟不定式作宾语的动词有
:

offer, decide, agree, plan, hope, learn, forget, fail, attempt,

promise, arrange, afford, manage等.

How old were you when you learn to drive？

We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.

I promised not to be late.

有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式

ready, eager, anxious, able, sure, glad, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing

The boys and girls are eager to learn to swim.

I”m sorry to trouble you.

He is willing to help the people in need.

有些动词后可以用疑问词
+ 不定式的结构
ask, decide, know, remember, forget , explain ,learn, wonder

We asked how to get to the airport?

Have you decided where to go for your holidays?

Do you understand what to do?

4. 作宾补: 可以带宾补的动词有:

ask, order, persuade, advise, like, want, tell, know, help

warn, invite, persuade, get, expect, would like, would love

The doctor advised him to have a good rest.

I didn”t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me.

I was warned not to touch the switch.

My father allowed me to use his car.

在某些及物动词的复合宾语中

, 动词不定式要省掉 to, 常见的省to的动词有：

make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel , help

等

I heard him speak in the next room.

Liz suddenly felt something touch her on the shoulder.

I saw him fall off the wall.

Did anybody see the accident happen?

The ending of the story made me feel sad.

作定语:

动词不定式作定语时须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后

He is always the first one to get up.

I have a few words to say on this question.

Attention, please! I have something important to say.

作状语:

不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果

---- Why did you go out?

---- To post a letter.

A friend of mine phoned to invite me to a party.

A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.

I went to see him only to find him out.

II.

动名词

由动词原形

+ 词尾 ing 构成.

动名词有名词的特征, 在句中可以作主语, 宾语,表语等.

作主语:

Getting up early is a good habit.

Seeing is believing.

Reading aloud is very important in learning English.

It”s no use trying to persuade me.

There”s nothing you can do about the situation, so it”s no good worrying about it.

作表语:

Her job is looking after the babies.

His hobby is collecting stamps.

作宾语:

常跟动名词作宾语的动词

stop, delay, consider, admit, miss, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, risk

practise

Suddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silentce.

I”ll do the shopping when I”ve finished cleaning the flat.

He tried to avoid answering my question.

Have you ever considered going to live in another country.

一些短语后面也用动名词做宾语：

give up, put off, carry on, go on, keep on

He has given up smoking

We must do something. We can”t go on living like that.

Don”t keep interrupting me while I”m speaking.

介词后接动名词作宾语：

before, after, be interested in, be good at, how about, instead of, in spite of, without, be used to, look forward to, have difficulty in, succeed in, insist on, think of, feel like, stop… from,

Are you interested in working for us?

I”m not very good at learning languages.

Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.

I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

What did you do after leaving school?

I ran ten kilometers without stopping.

Do you feel like going out tonight?

The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.

【高考点拨】【题型展示】

（

） 1. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not B. eating not

C. not to eat D. not eating

本题应选

C, warn sb. not to do sth. 意思是警告某人不要做某事.

（

） 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , __________ it more difficult .

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

本题应选

B, 动词不定式在这里是作表语的.

（

） 3. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don”t know what country he studied in.

A. to have studied B. to study

C. to be studying D. to have been studying

本题应选

A, sb. be said to be, 意思是据说, 在这里用不定式的完成时, 指的是发生在过去的事.

（

） 4. I”ve worked with children before , so I know what ______ in my new job.

A. expected B. to expect

C. to be expecting D. expects

本题应选

B, know 后面接动词不定式,不定式前面可以带一个疑问词.

（

） 5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out

本题应选

C, plan 为定语从句的先行词, 后面为它的定语从句. 在从句中, 短语 see sth. done 意思是 “看见…被….”

（

） 6. I usually go there by train.

--- Why ______ going there by boat for a change?

don”t try B. not try

C. not to try D. not trying

本题应选

B, why not do sth. 为一个词组, 表示一种建议语气.

（

） 7. We don”t know who stole the book. What”s your opinion?

--- Jack is considered _______ it.

A. having done B. doing

C. to have done D. to do

本题应选

B, consider 后面应该用动名词作宾语.

（

） 8. The place is really beautiful . We all think it worth ______ .

A. being visited B. to be visited

C. a visit D. to visit

本题应选

C, worth 后面可以跟动名词作它的宾语，A、B、D答案都不是，因此我们选择名词作宾语.

（

） 9. He advised _____ at the school gate the next day.

A. our meeting B. to meet

C. us meeting D. met

本题应选

A, advise 后接动名词作宾语, 动名词前面可以有一个逻辑主语,用形容词性的物主代词.

（

） 10. The computer is _______ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20^th century.

A. regarded B. considered

C. expected D. suggested

本题应选

B, consider 在这里是认为的意思. consider sb. to be ….

【实战模拟】

（

） 1. The experienced driver has got ______ in all kinds of weather.

A. used to drive B. used to driving

C. use to drive D. use to driving

（

） 2. I”m too tired. I prefer _____ rather than go to the cinema.

A. to stay home B. to staying home

C. stay home D. staying home

（

） 3. Her father considered _____ to a foreign friend.

A. writing B. write

C. to write D. wrote

（

） 4. You”d better _____ tell a lie. I think it ______ tell the teacher all that had

happened yesterday.

A. not. would better B. not, is better to

C. not to, would better to D. not to, better

（

） 5. The young couple came to the ball without ______ .

A. being invited B. inviting

C. been invited D. invite

（

） 6. He was surprised to find the back window of his house ______ . He was even more surprised to find his computer ______ .

A. broken, gone B. had broken, going

C. being broken, disappeared D. had been broken, missed

（

） 7. Please speak a little louder to make yourself _____ .

A. to hear B. hear

C. heard D. hearing

（

） 8. The dish isn”t warm enough now. You”d better get it _____ .

A. to heat B. to be heated

C. heated D. heating

（

） 9. --- What”s in your bag?

--- Books _________to the teacher tomorrow.

A. sent B. to be sent

C. being sent D. sending

（

） 10. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five hours.

A. sail B. to sail

C. sailing D. to have sailed

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